Closed-Loop Manufacturing, Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), and Sustainable Product Architecture
Transitioning to a circular economy requires a fundamental shift in how rare earth materials are managed across their lifecycles. Traditional linear manufacturing follows a "take-make-waste" approach, where critical minerals are mined, used in products, and buried in landfills at end-of-life. A circular economy replaces this with a closed-loop system, where rare earth metals are continuously...
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